Data Structures Mo's Algorithm Standard Mo's Algorithm Used to solve problems like P1494 [National Training Team] Little Z's Socks. #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define int long long using namespace std; const int MAXN = 200010; struct Query { int l, r, idx; }; struct Fraction { int numerator, den...
Given an enteger grid of dimensions $R \times C$ ($R \leq 12$, $C \leq 2000$), the optimization objective is to assign disjoint subsets of row indices to a selected group of columns. Each assigned column may undergo an independent vertical cyclic shift. The contribution of a column to its allocated...
Solutions to CSP-S 2021 Programming Competition Problems Problem 1 Solution The problem involves resource allocation between two regions. If we precompute f₁, f₂, ..., fₘ₁ where fᵢ represents the maximum number of resources allocated to the domestic region with i resources, then fᵢ₊₁ will always inc...
Round 1 Problem: Basic ABC Exercise The problem asks to count pairs ((x, y)) that satisfy certain conditions. A key observation is that the process of filling characters can be modeled using a greedy strategy: always prefer longer strings when converting. The condition reduces to comparing counts of...
When processing identification strings composed of uppercase letters, a common pattern involves converting characters to numerical values and aggregating them through multiplication. Consider a scenario where two entities—a celestial object and a team—must be matched based on their respective name e...
Problem 1: Tower Ascension Objective: Identify the first position in a sequence where the value exceeds the initial element. This problem requires iterating through the input list once. Store the value of the first element as a threshold. During the iteration, compare each subsequent element against...
Problem Understanding This problem simulates an operation process where m people interact with n light bulbs. Initially, all bulbs are in the ON state (represented by '1' for ON and '0' for OFF). The operations follow these rules: Person 1: Turns off all bulbs (all states become 0). Person 2: Toggle...
Consider a system with only two colors. To consolidate all balls of the first color onto the first peg, let k represent the quantity of the first color currently on the first peg. Shift the top k elements from the second peg to the third (auxiliary) peg. Sequentially move elements from the first peg...
Recovering Secret Values from Sum Permutations Given a collection of seven integers that represent a permutation of $A, B, C, A+B, B+C, A+C,$ and $A+B+C$ (with the constraint $A \le B \le C$), the objective is to isolate the original base values. Sorting the input array in ascending order immediatel...
Composite Coloring with Bounded Prime Factors Problem Specification Given a sequence of composite integers $a$ of length $n$, assign colors such that the greatest common divisor of all numbers sharing the same color exceeds $1$. The total number of distinct colors must not exceed $11$. Constraints:...