Memory Leaks Memory leaks occur when a program fails to deallocate dynamically allocated heap memory that is no longer needed, resulting in permanent memory wastage during runtime. This does not mean physical memory is lost, but that the application loses all references to an allocated memory block,...
Inheritance Inheritance enables a class (subclass) to acquire the functionality of another class (superclass) and extend it with new features. In Java, this relationship is defined using the extends keyword. UML diagrams represent inheritance with a solid line ending in an empty triangle arrow, poin...
Polymorphism enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class, allowing the same function call to produce different behaviors depending on the object type. For example, consider a ticket purchasing system where a regular person pays full price, a student pays half...
Inheritance establishes a parent-child relationship where a parent class encapsulates common attributes and behaviors, while child classes define their specific characteristics. A child class uses the extends keyword to inherit all members from the parent class, except for constructors. Members mark...