Sensor Operating PrinciplesThe MAX30102 integrates two LEDs (red at 660nm and infrared at 880nm) and a photodetector to facilitate photoplethysmography (PPG). Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is determined by the differential absorption of light by oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglo...
Challenges in Polling-Based UART Communication In embedded systems based on the 8051 architecture, managing simultaneous serial transmission and reception often presents timing conflicts. Consider a scenario where the microcontroller must periodically transmit status data to a host PC while remainin...
Overview Embedded systems represent a specialized computing domain that integrates hardware and software to perform dedicated functions within larger devices. This technical framework outlines the essential knowledge domains and learning progression for embedded systems development. What Are Embedde...
STM32 microcontrollers integrate dedicated I2C hardware peripherals that offload timing-critical tasks—including clock generation, START/STOP condition handling, ACK/NAK management, and byte-level data transfer—from the CPU. This enables reliable, low-overhead communication with I2C-compatible senso...
Functions serve as the primary modular units in C, allowing developers to encapsulate logic into reusable blocks. When designing a function, the implementation should focus on the specific feature required, determining the appropriate parameters and return types based on that functional goal. Functi...
Model Name: modbus_server Purpose: This model enables service provision via the MODBUS protocol, allowing remote clients (masters) to acces data. Instantiation A model instance is created using modbus_server. Example: <window v-model="modbus_server" name="main_view"> Config...
Today we move on to the next phase of learning: processes and threads. Today's focus is on Linux process concepts, management commands, and related system function interfaces. 1. Core Concepts Program: A file stored in external memory containing a set of instructions and data. Process: The dynamic e...
Local variables in CAPL behave like C static variables by default. For example: on key 'b' { incrementCounter(); } void incrementCounter() { byte tempVal = 0; tempVal++; writeLineEx(-3, 1, "Current tempVal: %d", tempVal); } Hitting 'b' seven times prints values 1 through 7, not 1 repeatedl...
This project demonstrates a pet cat detection system built around the Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32 S3 Sense board. The solution leverages computer vision techniques and embedded systems to monitor and analyze feline behavior in real time. The hardware setup includes the XIAO ESP32 S3 Sense development bo...
Event flags (or event groups) provide bitmap-based synchronization primitives enabling complex coordination patterns between multiple producers and consumers. Unlike counting semaphores, setting an already active flag does not queue additional events; the state remains binary until explicitly cleare...