The following Bash utility performs multi-dimensional analysis of Debian package repository performance, measuring TCP handshake latency, total transfer time, and HTTP throughput across multiple geographic endpoints.

#!/bin/bash

# Multi-metric benchmark for Debian repository selection
# Evaluates endpoints based on reliability, latency, and bandwidth

# ==================== Configuration ====================

REPO_ENDPOINTS=(
    "Tsinghua University|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "USTC|https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "CERNET|https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "SJTU|https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "Tencent Cloud|http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian|commercial"
    "Alibaba Cloud|https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian|commercial"
    "NetEase|http://mirrors.163.com/debian|commercial"
    "Sohu|http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian|commercial"
    "LZU|http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "HIT|http://run.hit.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "BIT|http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "DLUT|http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "BJTU|http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/debian|academic"
    "XMU|http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/debian|academic"
)

PROBE_PATH="dists/bookworm/main/binary-amd64/Release"
CONNECTION_TIMEOUT=10
SAMPLES=3

C_RED='\033[0;31m'
C_GREEN='\033[0;32m'
C_YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
C_BLUE='\033[0;34m'
C_RESET='\033[0m'

HAS_IPV6=false
if ip addr show | grep -q "inet6.*global"; then
    HAS_IPV6=true
    echo -e "${C_BLUE}IPv6 connectivity detected${C_RESET}"
else
    echo -e "${C_YELLOW}IPv6 unavailable, using IPv4 only${C_RESET}"
fi

# ==================== Functions ====================

show_banner() {
    echo "==================================================="
    echo "  Debian Mirror Performance Benchmark"
    echo "  Timestamp: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
    echo "==================================================="
    echo
}

measure_endpoint() {
    local provider=$1
    local endpoint=$2
    local category=$3
    
    echo -e "${C_BLUE}Benchmarking ${provider} (${category})...${C_RESET}"
    
    local successful=0
    local total_latency=0
    local total_throughput=0
    
    for ((i=1; i<=SAMPLES; i++)); do
        metrics=$(curl -sL -w "%{time_connect},%{time_total},%{speed_download},%{http_code}" \
                  -o /dev/null --max-time ${CONNECTION_TIMEOUT} \
                  "${endpoint}/${PROBE_PATH}" 2>/dev/null)
        
        http_code=$(echo "$metrics" | cut -d',' -f4)
        
        if [ "$http_code" = "200" ]; then
            successful=$((successful + 1))
            conn_time=$(echo "$metrics" | cut -d',' -f1)
            total_time=$(echo "$metrics" | cut -d',' -f2)
            speed=$(echo "$metrics" | cut -d',' -f3)
            
            total_latency=$(echo "$total_latency + $total_time" | bc)
            total_throughput=$(echo "$total_throughput + $speed" | bc)
            
            echo -e "  Sample ${i}: ${C_GREEN}OK${C_RESET} (connect: ${conn_time}s, total: ${total_time}s)"
        else
            echo -e "  Sample ${i}: ${C_RED}FAIL${C_RESET} (HTTP ${http_code:-timeout})"
        fi
        
        sleep 0.5
    done
    
    if [ $successful -gt 0 ]; then
        avg_latency=$(echo "scale=4; $total_latency / $successful" | bc)
        avg_speed_kbps=$(echo "scale=2; ($total_throughput / $successful) / 1024" | bc)
        echo -e "  Summary: ${C_GREEN}${successful}/${SAMPLES} successful${C_RESET}, ${avg_latency}s avg latency, ${avg_speed_kbps} KB/s"
        echo "${provider}|${endpoint}|${category}|${successful}|${avg_latency}|${avg_speed_kbps}"
    else
        echo -e "  Summary: ${C_RED}All attempts failed${C_RESET}"
        echo "${provider}|${endpoint}|${category}|0|999.999|0"
    fi
    echo
}

generate_report() {
    local datafile=$1
    local sorted_file=$(mktemp)
    
    sort -t'|' -k4,4nr -k5,5n -k6,6nr "$datafile" > "$sorted_file"
    
    echo "==================================================="
    echo "  Benchmark Results"
    echo "==================================================="
    echo
    
    echo -e "${C_GREEN}Ranked by reliability and performance:${C_RESET}"
    echo "---------------------------------------------------"
    
    while IFS='|' read -r provider endpoint category success latency throughput; do
        if [ "$success" -gt 0 ]; then
            printf "%-18s | Success: %d/%d | Latency: %.3fs | Speed: %6.2f KB/s | %s\n" \
                   "$provider" "$success" "$SAMPLES" "$latency" "$throughput" "$category"
        else
            printf "%-18s | Unreachable\n" "$provider"
        fi
    done < "$sorted_file"
    
    echo
    local top_line=$(head -n1 "$sorted_file")
    IFS='|' read -r best_name best_url best_type best_succ best_lat best_spd <<< "$top_line"
    
    if [ "$best_succ" -gt 0 ]; then
        echo -e "${C_GREEN}Recommended Mirror: ${best_name} (${best_type})${C_RESET}"
        echo "  URL: ${best_url}"
        echo "  Average Latency: ${best_lat}s"
        echo "  Average Speed: ${best_spd} KB/s"
        echo
        echo "Configuration for Debian 12 (Bookworm):"
        echo "---------------------------------------------------"
        echo "deb ${best_url} bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
        echo "deb ${best_url} bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
        echo "deb ${best_url} bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
        echo "deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
    else
        echo -e "${C_RED}No reachable mirrors detected. Check network configuration.${C_RESET}"
    fi
    
    rm -f "$sorted_file"
}

cleanup_temp() {
    rm -f /tmp/mirror_benchmark_*.txt
}

# ==================== Execution ====================

for cmd in curl bc ip; do
    if ! command -v $cmd &> /dev/null; then
        echo -e "${C_RED}Error: ${cmd} is required but not installed.${C_RESET}"
        exit 1
    fi
done

trap cleanup_temp EXIT

show_banner

RESULTS_FILE=$(mktemp /tmp/mirror_benchmark_XXXXXX.txt)

for entry in "${REPO_ENDPOINTS[@]}"; do
    IFS='|' read -r name url type <<< "$entry"
    
    if [ "$HAS_IPV6" = false ] && [[ "$name" == *"IPv6"* ]]; then
        continue
    fi
    
    result=$(measure_endpoint "$name" "$url" "$type")
    if [[ "$result" == *"|"* ]]; then
        echo "$result" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
    fi
done

generate_report "$RESULTS_FILE"

echo
echo "==================================================="

Configuration Parameters

• REPO_ENDPOINTS: Array defining repository providers, URLs, and classification tags
• PROBE_PATH: Specific file path accessed for download tests (default targets Debian 12 Bookworm; modify to dists/bullseye/main/binary-amd64/Release for Debian 11)
• SAMPLES: Number of iterative tests per andpoint to ensure statistical relevance
• CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: Maximum seconds to wait for TCP/HTTP establishment

Execution Instructions

Save the script to mirror_benchmark.sh, set execution permissions, and invoke directly:

chmod +x mirror_benchmark.sh
./mirror_benchmark.sh

System Requirements

The automation requires standard Unix utilities:

• curl: HTTP client for metric collection
• bc: Arbitrary precision calculator for statistical averaging
• ip: Network interface enumeration for protocol capabiilty detection

Install missing dependencies via:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y curl bc iproute2