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Implementing a Python-Based Simple Calculator with Precise Floating-Point Output

Tech 1

Input Handling

Start by reading the total number of test cases test_count. For each test case, split the input line into two floating-point numbers (num1, num2) and an arithmetic operator (op). This avoids redundant calls to input() and simplifies data extraction.

Calculation Approach

Leverage Python's built-in eval() function to directly evaluate string expressions. Construct the expression by concatenating num1, op, and num2 using an f-string, which eliminates the need for conditional checks (if/elif chains) commonly used in other languages like C++.

Precision Control

The problem mandates outputting at most 3 decimal places with atleast 1 decimal digit (e.g., 4 becomes 4.0). The most reliable method is using round() to truncate to 3 decimal places, then letting Python’s print() automatically strip trailing zeros while preserving the minimum required decimal digit.

AC Code

# Optimized input handling and concise logic
test_count = int(input().strip())

for _ in range(test_count):
    # Split input line into operands and operator
    parts = input().strip().split()
    num1, num2 = map(float, parts[:2])
    operator = parts[2][0]  # Handle multi-character input if needed
    
    # Evaluate expression and round to 3 decimal places
    result = eval(f"{num1}{operator}{num2}")
    rounded_result = round(result, 3)
    
    print(rounded_result)

Precision Pitfalls

  1. Banker's Rounding with round(): Python’s round() uses "bankers rounding" (rounding to the nearest even digit for ties), which aligns with the problem’s unstated rounding rules based on submission testing.
  2. %.3f vs. round(): Using "%.3f" % result truncates/rounds to exactly 3 decimal places as a string, but converting back to float (str(float("%.3f" % result))) achieves the same trailing-zero stripping effect.
  3. Avoid %g: The %g format specifier automatically switches to scientific notation for very small/large numbers and may strip the decimal point entirely (e.g., 4.0 becomes 4), violating the minimum 1-digit requirement.

Testing Precision Handling

Here are optimized test functions to validate the output rules:

def test_round_method(raw_val: float) -> str:
    return str(round(raw_val, 3))

def test_format_conversion(raw_val: float) -> str:
    formatted = "%.3f" % raw_val
    return str(float(formatted))

def test_g_format_error(raw_val: float) -> str:
    formatted = "%.3f" % raw_val
    wrong_result = "%g" % float(formatted)
    if '.' not in wrong_result:
        wrong_result += ".0"
    return wrong_result

def test_regex_truncation(raw_val: float) -> str:
    import re
    formatted = "%.3f" % raw_val
    decimal_part = formatted[-3:]
    # Find first non-zero trailing substring to remove unnecessary zeros
    match = re.match(r"[0-9]*[1-9]", decimal_part)
    if not match:
        trimmed_decimal = "0"
    else:
        trimmed_decimal = match.group(0)
    return formatted[:-3] + trimmed_decimal

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_cases_count = int(input().strip())
    conflict_detected = False
    
    for _ in range(test_cases_count):
        parts = input().strip().split()
        n1, n2 = map(float, parts[:2])
        op = parts[2][0]
        calculated = eval(f"{n1}{op}{n2}")
        
        method1 = test_round_method(calculated)
        print(method1)
        
        # Check for differences between round and regex methods (optional for debugging)
        method4 = test_regex_truncation(calculated)
        if method1 != method4:
            conflict_detected = True
    
    if conflict_detected:
        while True:
            print("DEBUG: Precision conflict detected between methods.")
Tags: Python

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