Using try-except and raise for Input Validation

try:
    gender = input("Enter your gender: ")
    if gender.lower() not in ["male", "female"]:
        raise ValueError("Input must be 'male' or 'female'")
    print("Your gender is:", gender)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
except Exception:
    print("An unexpected error occurred")

Example Output:

Enter your gender: other Input must be 'male' or 'female'

or

Enter your gender: female Your gender is: female

Handling Arithmetic Exceptions

try:
    val1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
    val2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
    quotient = val1 / val2
    print(quotient)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid numeric input")
except Exception:
    print("An unexpected error occurred")

Example Output:

Enter first number: 10 Enter second number: 0 Cannot divide by zero

or

Enter first number: 10 Enter second number: abc Invalid numeric input

or

Enter first number: 10 Enter second number: 2 5.0

Using else and final Blocks

try:
    x = float(input("Enter numerator: "))
    y = float(input("Enter denominator: "))
    result = x / y
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Division by zero error")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid number format")
except Exception:
    print("General error")
else:
    print("Division result:", result)
finally:
    print("Operation complete")

Example Output:

Enter numerator: 10 Enter denominator: abc Invalid number format Operation complete

or

Enter numerator: 10 Enter denominator: 2 Division result: 5.0 Operation complete

Basic Debugging with Breakpoints

counter = 1
while counter < 5:
    print(counter)
    counter += 1