Core Number Theory Algorithms: Primes, Divisors, and Euler's Totient
1. Greatest Common Divisor via Euclidean Method The Euclidean algorithm efficiently determines the largest shared divisor between two integers by repeatedly applying the modulo operation. // Time Complexity: O(log(min(a, b))) int compute_gcd(int first, int second) { while (second != 0) { int remaind...