Introduction to Complex Numbers, Polynomials, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
The concept of complex numbers arises from the need to solve equations like \(x^2 + a = 0\) which have no solution in the set of real numbers. To address this, the imaginary unit 'i' is introduced, defined by \(i^2 = -1\). A complex number is then represented in the form \(a + bi\), where \(a\) and...