Container Adapters The adapter pattern is a widely used, categorized design pattern for reusable code that converts one class's interface into a different interface expected by client code. In the C++ STL standard library, stack and queue can store elements just like native containers, but they are...
Memory Layout in C++ Code Area: Stores binary code of functions managed by the operating system Global Area: Holds global variables, static variables, and constents Stack Area: Automatically allocated and deallocated by compiler for function parameters and local variables Heap Area: Manually managed...
The Singleton pattern is a creational design pattern intended to ensure that a class has exactly one instance while providing a global point of access to that instance. This pattern is particularly valuable when coordinating actions across a system or managing shared resources where multiple instanc...
ROS supports three primary communication mechanisms: topics, services, and the parameter server. This article focuses on implementing service-based communication using C++. Service communication follows a request-response model where a client sends a request to a server and waits for a reply. The ke...
1. Currying Process 1.1. Introduction of operator() Consider a function that returns a different result on each call. For example, two calls should yield different values. 1.1.1. Simple Approach Using a global (or static) variable that is modified and returned each time. #include <iostream> in...
LeetCode Problem 206: Reverse Linked List Problem Description: Solution: Using a two-pointer approach with previous and current pointers, iteratively modify pointer directions. Pay atttention to the loop termination condition; return the previous pointer as the new head node. /** * Definition for si...
Exploring Virtual Tables (VTables) To understand the lifecycle and structure of virtual tables in C++, let's start with a set of test classes involving virtual functions and multiple inheritance. Virtual Function Classes #include <cstdio> class SampleClass { public: int internalValue; virtual...
A common anti-pattern in class interface design can be seen in the following tree node implementation: class TreeNode { public: void updateParentPtr(TreeNode* newParent) { parent = newParent; } void changeParent(TreeNode* newParent) { // Problematic interface updateParentPtr(newParent); newParent-&g...
Problem Overview Each user is identified by a unique positive integer DN. Users possess a set of attributes, each identified by a positive integer ID and associated with exactly one positive integer value. Attribute IDs are sparse — not all numbers between 1 and the maximum ID necessarily appear for...
The task requires processing an input string to remove all vowel characters (A, O, Y, E, U, I in both upper and lower case) and then format the remaining consonant characters. The formatting involves prefixing each consonant with a period ('.') and converting the character to its lowercase form. The...
