Ubuntu 22.04 Workstation Setup: SSH, Remote Desktop, Miniconda, and PyTorch
Disk Layout
| Mount | Size | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| /boot | 512 MiB | Kernel & GRUB |
| swap | 16 GiB | Virtual memory |
| / | rest | OS, packages, user data |
A separate
/homepartition is optional; keeping everything under/simplifies future resizing.
GPU Driver
Ubuntu 22.04 usually ships with a compatible NVIDIA driver. If not:
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo reboot
Verify with nvidia-smi.
Package Manager Mirrors
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install -U pip
SSH Server
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y openssh-server
sudo systemctl enable --now ssh
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw enable
Check status:
sudo systemctl status ssh
xrdp Remote Desktop
sudo apt install -y xrdp
sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert
sudo systemctl restart xrdp
sudo ufw allow 3389
Test from any RDP client on port 3389.
Miniconda
mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda3/install.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/install.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
~/miniconda3/bin/conda init bash
source ~/.bashrc
rm ~/miniconda3/install.sh
Conda mirrrors
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
Replace ~/.condarc with:
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
Python Environment & PyTorch
Create an isolated environment:
conda create -n dl python=3.10 -y
conda activate dl
Install PyTorch 2.1 + CUDA 11.8:
pip install torch==2.1.0+cu118 torchvision==0.16.0+cu118 torchaudio==2.1.0+cu118 \
--index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Common utilities:
pip install timm thop einops grad-cam albumentations pycocotools tidecv seaborn gpustat flask
OpenMMLab stack:
pip install -U openmim
mim install mmengine
mim install "mmcv>=2.0.0" -f https://download.openmmlab.com/mmcv/dist/cu118/torch2.1/index.html
User Management
Add a new user with sudo rights:
sudo adduser alice
sudo usermod -aG sudo alice
Delete user and home directory:
sudo deluser --remove-home alice
List sudoers:
getent group sudo
Mounting Additional Storage
List disks:
lsblk
Format and mount a new drive:
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
sudo mkdir /data
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data
sudo blkid /dev/sdb1 # copy UUID
sudo nano /etc/fstab # add UUID line
Example fstab entry:
UUID=xxxx-xxxx /data ext4 defaults 0 2
Monitoring
watch -n 1 nvidia-smi
Install gpustat for a concise view:
pip install gpustat
