Arrays are containers that store multiple values of the same data type.

Array Declaration and Initialization

Static Initialization - Full Syntax

dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[]{element1, element2, element3};

Example:

int[] numbers = new int[]{11, 22, 33};

Static Initialization - Simplified Syntax

int[] numbers = {11, 22, 33};

Dynamic Initialization

Initializes array length with system-provided default values.

dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[arrayLength];

Example:

int[] values = new int[3];

Default Initialization Values

• Integer types: 0
• Floating-point types: 0.0
• Character type: '\u0000' (null chaarcter)
• Boolean type: false
• Reference types: null

Array Travresal

public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] data = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (int index = 0; index < data.length; index++) {
        System.out.println(data[index]);
    }
}

Finding Maximum Value in Array

public class ArrayOperations {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] numbers = {33, 5, 22, 44, 55};
        int maximum = numbers[0];
        
        for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++) {
            if (numbers[i] > maximum) {
                maximum = numbers[i];
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maximum);
    }
}

Array Summation and Statistical Analysis

import java.util.Random;

public class ArrayStatistics {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] randomNumbers = new int[10];
        Random generator = new Random();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < randomNumbers.length; i++) {
            randomNumbers[i] = generator.nextInt(100) + 1;
        }
        
        double total = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < randomNumbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(randomNumbers[i] + " ");
            total += randomNumbers[i];
        }
        
        System.out.println("\nSum: " + total);
        
        double average = total / randomNumbers.length;
        System.out.println("Average: " + average);
        
        int belowAverageCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < randomNumbers.length; i++) {
            if (randomNumbers[i] < average) {
                belowAverageCount++;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Numbers below average: " + belowAverageCount);
    }
}

Sample Output:

46 62 85 20 10 54 43 88 3 13 
Sum: 424.0
Average: 42.4
Numbers below average: 4

Array Shuffling Algorithm

import java.util.Random;

public class ArrayShuffler {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] sequence = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        Random randomizer = new Random();
        
        for (int currentIndex = 0; currentIndex < sequence.length; currentIndex++) {
            int swapIndex = randomizer.nextInt(sequence.length);
            int temporary = sequence[currentIndex];
            sequence[currentIndex] = sequence[swapIndex];
            sequence[swapIndex] = temporary;
        }
        
        for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(sequence[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

Sample Output:

1 3 5 2 4