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Deploying LNMP Stack with Nginx, MySQL, and PHP on Linux

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System Preparation

Disable Firewall and SELinux

systemctl disable --now firewalld
setenforce 0

Install Required Dependencies

yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

Create Dedicated User for Nginx

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

Install Nginx from Source

Download and Extract Nginx

cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz -C /opt/

Configure and Build Nginx

cd nginx-1.22.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install

Create Symbolic Link for Nginx Commands

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

Set Up Nginx System Service

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -1 $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -3 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload
chmod 777 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

Install MySQL from Source

Install MySQL Dependencies

yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel

Create MySQL User

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

Compile and Install MySQL

cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

make && make install

Configure MySQL Settings

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

Adjust Onwership for MySQL Directories

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

Update System Path for MySQL

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

Initialize MySQL Database

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

Enable MySQL System Service

cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld

Set MySQL Root Password

mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456"

Installl PHP from Source

Install PHP Dependencies

yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel

Compile and Install PHP

cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
 
cd php-7.1.10
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip
 
make && make install

Optimize PHP Paths

ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

Configure PHP Files

PHP uses three configuration files: php.ini (main), php-fpm.conf (process), and www.conf (extension).

Adjust Main Configuration

cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
--1170行--modify
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
--939行--uncomment and modify
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

php -m

Adjust Process Configurasion

cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
--17行--remove ";" comment
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

Adjust Extension Configuration

cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf

Start PHP-FPM

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
netstat -anpt | grep 9000

cd /opt/php-7.1.10/sapi/fpm
cp php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
systemctl restart php-fpm.service

Configure Nginx for PHP Processing

Modify Nginx Configuration

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--65行--uncomment and modify
location ~ \.php$ {
	root           html;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
	fastcgi_index  index.php;
	fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
	include        fastcgi_params;
}
 
systemctl restart nginx.service

Create PHP Test Page

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Verify LNMP Setup

Check PHP Page

Access 172.168.1.11/index.php in a browser.

Test Database Connection

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE bbs;
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

Update Test Page for Database Verification

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('172.168.1.11','bbsuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>

Access 172.168.1.11/index.php in a browser.

Deploy Discuz! Forum

Install Discuz! Application

cd /opt
unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
cd /opt/dir_SC_UTF8/
cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/

Set Permissions for Forum Directories

cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
chown -R nginx ./config/
chown -R nginx ./data/
chown -R nginx ./uc_client/
chown -R nginx ./uc_server/
chmod -R 777 ./config/
chmod -R 777 ./data/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/

Access Forum Installation Page

Navigate to http://172.168.1.11/bbs/install/index.php.

Deploy WordPress Blog

Install WordPress

unzip wordpress-6.1.1-zh_CN.zip
cp -r wordpress  /usr/local/nginx/html/

chmod 777 wordpress/ -R

Set Up Database for WordPress

mysql -u root -p123456
CREATE DATABASE blog;
GRANT all ON blog.* TO 'bloguser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON blog.* TO 'bloguser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

Access WordPress Installation Page

Navigate to http://172.168.1.11/wordpress/wp-admin/install.php.

Tags: LNMP

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